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Ghost Army Insignia circa 1944.The Ghost Army was a tactical unit during officially known as the 23rd Headquarters Special Troops. The 1100-man unit was given a unique mission within the Allied Army: to impersonate other Allied Army units to deceive the enemy. From a few months after, when they landed in France, until the end of the war, they put on a 'traveling road show' utilizing, fake radio, scripts and pretence. They staged more than 20 battlefield deceptions, often operating very close to the front lines.
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Their story was kept secret for more than 40 years after the war, and elements of it remain. The unit was the subject of a documentary in 2013. Contents.History and deployment Inspiration for the unit came from the British units who had honed the deception technique for the in late 1942, as. The unit had its barracks at, and was fully formed at Pine Camp, New York (now ), before sailing for the United Kingdom in early May 1944.
In Britain they were based near, and troops participated in, the British-designed and led D-Day deceptions of a landing force designated for the.Some troops went to Normandy two weeks after D-Day, where they simulated a fake at night with lights which attempted to draw German artillery from the real ones. After this the entire unit assisted in tying up the German defenders of by simulating a larger force than was actually encircling them.As the Allied armies moved east, so did the 23rd, and it eventually was based within, from where it engaged in deceptions of crossings of the river, positions along the, and finally a major crossing of the Rhine to draw German troops away from the actual sites.Recruiting Ghost soldiers were encouraged to use their brains and talent to mislead, deceive, and befuddle the. Many were recruited from, and other occupations that encouraged. In civilian life, ghost soldiers had been artists, architects, actors, set designers, and engineers.Although the 23rd Headquarters Special Troops consisted of only 1,100 soldiers, the contingent used equipment pioneered by British forces such as dummy tanks and artillery, fake aircraft, and giant speakers broadcasting the sounds of men and artillery to make the Germans think it was upwards of a two-division 30,000-man force. The unit's elaborate ruses helped deflect German units from the locations of larger allied combat units. The unit consisted of the 406th Combat Engineers (which handled security), the 603rd Camouflage Engineers, the 3132 Signal Service Company Special, and the Signal Company Special.Tactics Visual deception.
An inflatable, modeled after theThe visual deception arm of the Ghost Army was the 603rd Camouflage Engineers. It was equipped with inflatable tanks, cannons, jeeps, trucks, and airplanes that the men would inflate with air compressors, and then camouflage imperfectly so that enemy aerial reconnaissance could see them. They could create dummy airfields, troop (complete with fake laundry hanging out on clotheslines), motor pools, artillery batteries, and tank formations in a few hours. Many of the men in this unit were artists, recruited from New York and Philadelphia art schools.
Their unit became an incubator for young artists who sketched and painted their way through Europe. Several of these soldier-artists went on to have a major impact on art in the post-war US., wildlife artist, and were among the many artists who served in the 603rd.Sonic deception The 3132 Signal Service Company Special handled sonic deception. The unit coalesced under the direction of Colonel, a colorful figure who, before the war, had 'discovered' and sent her on her road to fame.Aided by engineers from, a team from the 3132 went to to record sounds of armored and infantry units onto a series of sound effects records that they brought to Europe.
For each deception, sounds could be 'mixed' to match the scenario they wanted the enemy to believe. This program was recorded on state-of-the-art (the predecessor to the tape recorder), and then played back with powerful amplifiers and speakers mounted on halftracks. The sounds they played could be heard 15 miles (24 km) away.
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Radio deception 'Spoof radio', as it was called, was handled by the Signal Company. Special Operators created phony traffic nets, impersonating the radio operators from real units. They were educated in the art of mimicking a departing operator's method of sending so that the enemy would never detect that the real unit and its radio operator were long gone.Atmosphere To complement existing techniques, the unit often employed theatrical effects to supplement the other deceptions. Collectively called 'atmosphere', these included simulating actual units deployed elsewhere by the application of their, painting appropriate unit insignia on vehicles and having the individual companies deployed as if they were regimental headquarters units.
Trucks/Lorries would be driven in looping convoys with just two troops in the seats near the rear, to simulate a truck full of under the canvas cover. 'MPs' would be deployed at cross roads wearing appropriate divisional insignia and some officers would simulate divisional generals and staff officers visiting towns where enemy agents were likely to see them. A few actual tanks and artillery pieces were occasionally assigned to the unit to make the 'dummies' in the distance appear more realistic.See also. (2013, Documentary).References. Archived from on 5 January 2016. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
^ Garber, Megan (22 May 2013). The Atlantic. Retrieved 23 May 2013. Binkovitz, Leah (21 May 2013). Retrieved 23 May 2013. Binkovitz, Leah. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
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Mental Floss. Retrieved 21 January 2016. 23 February 2012. Archived from on 18 January 2013. Retrieved 6 September 2012. Retrieved 21 January 2016.Further reading.
Beyer, Rick; Sayles, Elizabeth (28 April 2015). The Ghost Army of World War II: How One Top-Secret Unit Deceived the Enemy with Inflatable Tanks, Sound Effects, and Other Audacious Fakery.
Princeton Architectural Press. Gawne, Jonathan (2002).
Ghosts of the ETO: American tactical deception units in the European theatre, 1944–1945. Havertown, PA: Casemate. Gerard, Philip (2002). Secret soldiers: the story of World War II's heroic army of deception (1 ed.). New York: Dutton. Kneece, Jack (2001). Ghost army of World War II.
Gretna: Pelican Publishing.External links.
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